Sodium hydroxide, caustic soda

2、 Ho hlahisa sesepa

Oli ea sodium hydroxide saponified e ka sebelisoa ho etsa sesepa le ho itšoara ka alkyl aromatics sulfonic acid ho hlahisa motsoako o sebetsang oa sesepa.Ho phaella moo, sodium hydroxide e ka boela ea sebelisoa ho hlahisa sodium phosphate e le motsoako oa sesepa.

1)Sesepa:

Ho etsa sesepa ke ts'ebeliso ea khale ka ho fetisisa le e pharaletseng ka ho fetisisa ea caustic soda.

Sodium hydroxide e 'nile ea sebelisoa bakeng sa tšebeliso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea setso.Ho fihlela kajeno, tlhokahalo ea soda ea caustic bakeng sa sesepa, sesepa le mefuta e meng ea lihlahisoa tsa ho hlatsoa e ntse e le karolo ea 15% ea caustic soda.

Karolo e ka sehloohong ea mafura le oli ea meroho ke triglyceride (triacylglycerol)

Alkali hydrolysis equation ea eona ke:

(RCOO) 3C3H5 (grease)+3NaOH=3 (RCOONa) (e phahameng mafura a acid sodium)+C3H8O3 (glycerol)

Karabelo ena ke molao-motheo oa ho hlahisa sesepa, kahoo e bitsoa saponification reaction.

Ehlile, motheo oa R ts'ebetsong ena o kanna oa fapana, empa R-COONA e hlahisitsoeng e ka sebelisoa e le sesepa.

E tloaelehileng R - ke:

C17H33 -: 8-heptadecenyl, R-COOH ke oleic acid.

C15H31 -: n-pentadecyl, R-COOH ke palmitic acid.

C17H35 -: n-octadecyl, R-COOH ke stearic acid.

2)Sehlatsoa:

Sodium hydroxide e sebelisoa ho hlahisa li-detergents tse fapa-fapaneng, esita le phofo ea kajeno ea ho hlatsoa (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate le likarolo tse ling) e boetse e hlahisoa ho tsoa ho palo e kholo ea soda ea caustic, e sebelisetsoang ho fokotsa mofu o feteletseng oa sulfuric acid ka mor'a karabelo ea sulfonation.

3. Indasteri ea masela

1) Indasteri ea masela hangata e sebelisa tharollo ea sodium hydroxide ho hlahisa fiber ea viscose.Likhoele tsa maiketsetso, tse kang rayon, rayon, le rayon, hangata ke likhoele tsa viscose, tse entsoeng ka cellulose, sodium hydroxide, le carbon disulfide (CS2) e le lisebelisoa tse tala hore e be motsoako oa viscose, ebe lia ohloa le ho khutsufatsoa.

2) Sodium hydroxide e ka boela ea sebelisoa bakeng sa kalafo ea fiber le ho daea, le bakeng sa mercerizing fiber ea k'hothone.Ka mor'a hore lesela la k'hothone le phekoloe ka tharollo ea soda ea caustic, boka ba boka, grease, starch le lintho tse ling tse koahelang lesela la k'hothone li ka tlosoa, 'me' mala oa mercerizing oa lesela o ka eketsoa ho etsa hore dae e be e ts'oanang haholoanyane.

4. Ho qhibilihisa

1) Sebelisa sodium hydroxide ho sebetsa bauxite ho ntša alumina e hloekileng;

2) Sebelisa sodium hydroxide ho ntša tungstate e le lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa ho qhibilihisa tungsten ho tsoa ho wolframite;

3) Sodium hydroxide e boetse e sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa alloy ea zinki le ingot ea zinki;

4) Ka mor'a ho hlatsuoa ka sulfuric acid, lihlahisoa tsa petroleum li ntse li e-na le lintho tse ling tsa acidic.Li tlameha ho hlatsuoa ka tharollo ea sodium hydroxide ebe li hlatsuoa ka metsi ho fumana lihlahisoa tse hloekisitsoeng.

5, Meriana

Sodium hydroxide e ka sebelisoa e le sebolaea likokoana-hloko.Lokisetsa 1% kapa 2% ea metsi a soda ea caustic, e ka sebelisoang e le sebolaea likokoana-hloko indastering ea lijo, hape e ka bolaea lithulusi, mechini le lithupelo tse silafalitsoeng ke litšila tsa oli kapa tsoekere e teteaneng.

6. Ho etsa pampiri

Sodium hydroxide e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa indastering ea pampiri.Ka lebaka la tlhaho ea eona ea alkaline, e sebelisoa nakong ea ho belisa le ho soeufatsa pampiri.

Lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa ho etsa pampiri ke limela tsa lehong kapa joang, tse nang le selulose feela, empa hape le palo e ngata ea non-cellulose (lignin, gum, joalo-joalo).Ho eketsa tharollo ea sodium hydroxide e hlapollang ho ka qhibiliha le ho arola likaroloana tseo e seng tsa cellulose, ka hona ho etsa makhasi a nang le selulose e le karolo ea mantlha.

7, Lijo

Ha ho etsoa lijo, sodium hydroxide e ka sebelisoa e le acid neutralizer, hape e ka sebelisoa ho ebola lee la litholoana.Motsoako oa tharollo ea sodium hydroxide e sebelisetsoang ho ebola e fapana ho latela mefuta ea litholoana.Ka mohlala, tharollo ea 0,8% ea sodium hydroxide e sebelisoa ho hlahisa lilamunu tse entsoeng ka makotikoting tse nang le sirapo e feletseng ea tsoekere e entsoeng ka tsoekere;Ka mohlala, tharollo ea sodium hydroxide e nang le motsoako oa 13% ~ 16% e sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa perekisi ea metsi a tsoekere.

Tekanyetso ea Naha ea Tšireletso ea Lijo ea Chaena bakeng sa Tšebeliso ea Li-additives tsa Lijo (GB2760-2014) e bolela hore sodium hydroxide e ka sebelisoa e le thuso ea ho sebetsa indastering ea lijo, 'me se setseng ha se na moeli.

8, Phekolo ea metsi

Sodium hydroxide e sebelisoa haholo kalafong ea metsi.Limeleng tsa likhoerekhoere, sodium hydroxide e ka fokotsa ho thatafala ha metsi ka karabelo ea neutralization.Lefapheng la indasteri, ke eona e nchafatsang phetoho ea resin ea ion.Sodium hydroxide e na le alkalinity e matla le ho qhibiliha ha metsi ka bongata.Hobane sodium hydroxide e na le ho qhibiliha ha metsi haholo, ho bonolo ho lekanya litekanyetso 'me e ka sebelisoa likarolong tse fapaneng tsa kalafo ea metsi.

Tšebeliso ea sodium hydroxide kalafo ea metsi e kenyelletsa lintlha tse latelang:

1) Felisa ho thatafala ha metsi;

2) Fetola boleng ba pH ba metsi;

3) Hlakola metsi a litšila;

4) Felisa li-ion tse boima ka metsing ka pula;

5) Ho tsosolosoa ha resin ea phapanyetsano ea ion.

9, Teko ea lik'hemik'hale.

Ntle le ho sebelisoa e le reagent, e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le alkaline desiccant ka lebaka la ho monya ha eona ho matla le ho senyeha ha metsi.E ka boela ea monya khase ea asiti (mohlala, tekong ea ho chesa sebabole ka oksijene, tharollo ea sodium hydroxide e ka kenngoa ka botlolong ho monya chefo ea sulphur dioxide).

Ka bokhutšoanyane, sodium hydroxide e sebelisoa haholo mafapheng a mangata, ho kenyelletsa tlhahiso ea lik'hemik'hale, ho etsa pampiri, ho qhibilihisa aluminium, ho qhibilihisa tungsten, rayon, k'hothone ea maiketsetso le sesepa, hammoho le tlhahiso ea dae, polasetiki, meriana le lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho. , ho tsosolosoa ha rabara ea khale, tlhahiso ea tšepe ea sodium, electrolysis ea metsi le tlhahiso ea letsoai e sa tloaelehang, hammoho le tlhahiso ea borax, chromate, manganenate, phosphate, joalo-joalo, e hlokang chelete e ngata ea caustic soda, e leng sodium hydroxide.

10, Lefapha la Matla

Sebakeng sa matla, sodium hydroxide e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lisele tsa mafura.Joalo ka libeteri, li-fuel cell li ka fana ka matla a hloekileng le a sebetsang hantle bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa lipalangoang, ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa, le lits'ebetso tse tsitsitseng, tse nkehang le tsa maemo a tšohanyetso.Epoxy resin e entsoeng ka ho eketsa sodium hydroxide e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa li-turbine tsa moea.